Jean-Baptiste Lully, composer, biography, discography
Early music and baroque music festivals: United States, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Germany, Italy Labels de la musique ancienne et la musique baroque : France, Etats Unis, Royaume Uni, Espagne, Allemagne, Italie Early music and baroque music courses: United States, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Germany, Italy Early music and baroque music competitions: United States, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Germany, Italy Early music and baroque music luthiers: United States, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Germany, Italy Early music and baroque music books and sheet music: United States, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Germany, Italy Early music and baroque music associations: United States, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Germany, Italy Early music and baroque music newsletters: United States, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Germany, Italy
español | français
Early music magazine, baroque music Early music and baroque music concerts schedule: United States, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Germany, Italy Early music and baroque music news : United States, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Germany, Italy CDs and discography, early music, baroque music: Bach, Handel, Vivaldi, Scarlatti, Rameau, ... Early music and baroque music month cds: United States, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Germany, Italy
COMPOSERS
Jean-Baptiste Lully
La Cechina and La Flora: Baroque Women
INTERVIEWS
William Christie
10 CDs for a desert island : Christophe Rousset
ESSAYS
Spanish music in the days of Philip II
Lotto (II)
  54 - 53 - 52 - 51 - 50 - 49 - 48 - 47 - 46 - 45 - 44 - 43 - 42 - 41 - 40 - 39 - 38 - 37 - 36 - 35 - 34 - 33 - 32 - 31 - 30 - 29 - 28 - 27 - 26 - 25 - 24 - 23 - 22 - 21 - 20 - 19 - 18 - 17 - 16 - 15 - 14 - 13 - 12 - 11 - 10 - 09 - 08 - 07 - 06 - 05 - 04 - 03 - 02 - 01 -
COMPOSERS
Lully, Jean-Baptiste
COMPOSERS
JEAN-BAPTISTE LULLY
1669 confirms this personal development—the Ballet de Flore, in which the King dances, is the last choreography written by Lully in conjunction the poet Benserade. This work is in fact the rough draft of an opera, suggesting that Lully is intent in creating true music drama.The experience of the ballets and comedies-ballets with Molière has taught him the mastery of those elements which will constitute future French opera—dance and dramatic suspense. But it shall be Perrin who takes this place. On the 28th June 1669, thanks to Colbert’s support, he is granted the privilege of an Académie d’Opéra. In October of the same year Monsieur de Pourceaugnac defines the primacy of music. The increasing musical content included in comedies-ballets is stressed in Les Amants magnifiques (February 1670) and Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme (October 1670), in which Lully, as Chiaccheron, is the Mufti in the famous Turkish ceremony. Music asserts its role in a play in which the action is still mostly spoken. The granting of the privilege to Perrin together with Lully’s development correspond in the history of French music to the need to create national opera. Psyché, performed at the Tuileries on the 17th January 1671, is a tragedy-ballet conceived by Molière and Corneille and eventually turned into an opera by Lully. The work already has a prologue, symphonies and an extensive instrumental finale. Its transformation reaches its conclusion in 1678, when faithful to his dramatic intentions Lully returns to the 1671 work and rewrites it as a lyric tragedy. French operas enjoy their first success; Perrin’s work is brought to fruition with the triumph of his Pomone, presented on the 3rd March 1671 at the Jeu de Paume in Rue Mazarine. But Lully’s theatrical ambitions have not yet been perfected. To date he has only presented diverse entertainments in which, unlike Italian opera, verse and music have not yet merged. In truth, music still fails to fit with the dramatic poem. It merely adorns and only appears as danced intervals in the action. Lully believes it is necessary to devise a new musical language where sung action is in accord with poetry and music.

Lully and Quinault: a French opera

The sequel to the success of Pomone is a series of French operas given at Versailles in 1671—Les amours de Diane et Endymion by Sablières and Les Amours du soleil by Marais, followed in 1672 by Les amours de Bacchus et Ariane by Donneau de Visè. Unforeseen circumstances give Lully his chance. Serious financial fraud by his associates force Perrin to quit his post as director of the opera Academy. He is gaoled at the Conciergerie in August 1671. Lully makes an offer; he will buy his privilege from him in exchange for an allowance. Perrin accepts but Colbert is opposed. Eventually Lully obtains his privilege from the King: on the 13th March 1672 Louis XIV grants the musician letters patent which allow him to found an Académie Royale de Musique with the exorbitant proviso “of having no whole musical piece, whether in French verse or in other languages, sung without his permission, under penalty of a fine of 10,000 pounds.” So far as music for the theatre is concerned, Lully now enjoys a monopoly.

The new Academy opened its doors at Rue de Vaugirard before the 26th November. Together with Carlo Vigarani, Lully has created a development company with equal shares. Following the première of Cadmus et Hermione, given in the King’s presence on 27th April 1673, Lully obtains from the Sovereign an order allowing him free rental and staging facilities at the Palais-Royal, cradle of the theatre where the company of Molière (who had died on 17th February during the première of the Malade imaginaire) had previously played.

In addition to these performance in Paris Lully’s stage works also take their place in the history of Versailles. After the festivities of 1664 and then of 1668 which took place at Le Nôtre’s gardens, this building becomes the venue for his dramatic works, a natural scenario for them. The relevance of music to place becomes clearly defined in 1674 with Alceste. The marble courtyard, with its surrounding panels of brick joined by stone, its gilding, the sculptures of busts and statues in antique style all contribute to the formation of an ideal set, made, as it were, for the show. This aesthetic perfection is the vessel for Lully’s lyric poetry. In fact, the genesis of Alceste is linked to the palace, all the rehearsals taking place there. Madame de Sévigné, an admirer of Lully, wrote eloquently of those occasions on which the King took part. Israël Silvestre carved the souvenir of Alceste in the marble patio of Versailles. It represents Lully’s orchestra. In the place of harpsichord continuo Lully employs no less than thirty lutes. In general, the bass dominates, higher registers used as a colorful resources. The French orchestra sounds richer than the Italian and the way the violins are held is characteristic. Lully wants the violins held not under the chin but on the shoulder, which prevents high notes.

Biography
Work catalogue
Discography
Goldberg Articles
Order your copy of issue nº 5 now!
Jean-Baptiste Lully: Start Jean-Baptiste Lully: Previous Jean-Baptiste Lully: Next
Early music and baroque music notice board: United States, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Germany, Italy Ensembles, soloists, conductors, early music, baroque music:  United States, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Germany, Italy Early-Music Composers
ABOUT US | CONTRIBUTE   web map - home page - cover
Top
Legal warning Copyright 2003, Goldberg. info@goldberg-magazine.com