Leonora: Baroque Women IX Duarte, composer, biography, discography
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Marc-Antoine Charpentier
Leonora Duarte: Baroque Women IX
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Frans Brüggen
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COMPOSERS
Duarte, Leonora: Baroque Women IX
COMPOSERS
LEONORA DUARTE: BAROQUE WOMEN IX
The sumptuous Duarte family home in the center of Antwerp, the Meir, provided a locus for musical and cultural activity. For those curious about this niche of musicality, the voluminous correspondence preserved by members of the Huygens family provides the bulk of the available tidbits of information about the Duartes. The visits of Constantijn Huygens (1596-1687) and his son Christiaan (1629-1695) were usually occasioned by their travel between the Hague and Paris, as Antwerp was a convenient stop en route. With the Duartes they shared their interests in music, science, and literature; following such visits, thank-you letters were exchanged.

Francisca Duarte, nicknamed the rossignol anversois (the “Antwerp nightingale”), is the sister most frequently mentioned in the correspondence of both Constantijn and Christiaan Huygens. Constantijn’s letters from the 1630s recount that she sang duets with a certain Maria Tesselschade Visscher (nicknamed “Tesseltjen”), to the harpsichord accompaniment of Dirk Sweelinck, the son of the composer and organist in Amsterdam, Jan Pieterszoon. The beauty of this particular vocal combination led Huygens’s brother-in-law to write an epigram in their honor, titled Ad Tesselam et Duartam cantu nobiles. One of the pieces in their repertory was the Dutch pastoral tune Aan een groen heijde (On the green) and suggests that this duo specialised in works in their native tongue. In addition to her beautiful singing voice, Francisca also played the harpsichord; during Christiaan Huygens’s visit to the family in March 1663 he described her performance on that instrument after dinner, as well as a piece of music composed by her brother Diego in which he had set Flemish devotional texts to a sarabande. Three years later, in a letter written to the composer Johann Jakob Froberger, Christiaan mentioned “la Signora Francisca in Antwerp” alongside the musicians Anna Bergerotti of Paris and “Signora Casembroot” of The Hague, as if to point out to him the musical highlights of each city in a northward trajectory.

In addition to vocal music in Dutch, the Duarte family were also interested in the latest compositions from Italy and France. By the early 1640s, Gaspard sent to Constantijn Huygens three Italian pieces for two voices that his “two daughters sing.” Alas, he neither mentioned composer nor which of his four daughters sang the works. At the end of the decade, letters exchanged between the two men mention Italian “madrigaletten,” Francisca’s sister Leonora Duarte’s singing, and the latest airs composed by the Parisian Michel Lambert. Such commerce represents international relations par excellence, as the musical circle at the Duarte home constituted a meeting place for the latest European styles. Francisca and Leonora Duarte, then, may have served as distant models for the great Parisian virtuose singers Hilaire Dupuy and Anna Bergerotti, singers mentioned in connection to the work of Lambert. The Duarte family’s connections to Parisian music making, even if tangential, can be inferred from the shards of information gleaned from the Huygens correspondence. Michel Lambert (1610-96) was the leading musician in the 1660s, the maître de la musique de la chambre du roi who specialised in the composition of the vocal air. Louis XIV’s court singers Bergerotti and Dupuy sang these airs and embellished them in ways that displayed their enchanting skills. Jean-Baptiste Lully’s marriage to Lambert’s daughter forged a further link between the Italian mode and this quintessentially French music derived from the earlier air de cour. That Francisca Duarte was mentioned alongside Bergerotti in Huygens’s letter to Froberger and that she and her family promoted Lambert’s music in Antwerp suggests the international renown of the style, as well as the Duarte family’s musical skills and interests. Furthermore, we learn from Rasch’s work that in the 1640s and 1650s the French court musicians Anne and Joseph de La Barre, as well as Nicolas Lanier, made a point of stopping at the home of the Duarte en route for other destinations.

Leonora: Baroque Women IX Duarte
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